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Tutorials

Some Background
What is a Gum Print?
History

The Basic Steps
Ingredients
Dichromate Solution
Preparing Paper
Emulsion Layers
Digital Negatives
Exposure
Development

advanced topics
Custom Negatives 1
Custom Negatives 2
Custom Negatives 3
Custom Negatives 4
Duotones




Step Four: Making the Curve

Average Scale 4 min 8 min 12 min
input  gum output input  gum output input  gum output input  gum output
86 0 74 0 80 0 86 0
60 73 60 48 60 80 60 90
50 89 50 80 50 92 50 96
40 95 40 91 40 95 40 100
24 100 24 100 36 100 40 100
               

>> Hang in there ....We're almost finished!

Next we go into Photoshop and either create a new document or load an image you'd like to convert into a custom negative.

Go to Image>Adjust>Curves. This valuable tool allows us to enter input and output values ...exactly what we have from our tests!

Under the graph, there are two tiny arrows, click them so that the tonal scale goes from left to right: white to black. This will show us the values in % values rather then the 256 values computers use.

>> This next thought might seem a bit confusing: our Gum output values in our chart are now our input values in Photoshop. As such, our previous input values are now our output values.

This is all because we are now reversing the process a bit. For example: we want the value 0% (white) in our image file to print as the relative value 0% (also white) in our gum print.

0% in our tests printed from a value of 86% on our negative. So we have to tell Photoshop's curves to turn all 0% values of our photograph into 86% values so that they print as 0% in our gum print, corresponding to the 0% in our digital image.

We set all these points in our curve by specifying our particular input and output values from our Average scale chart, keeping the above paragraphs in mind.

The resulting curve should look something like the curve to the left, sloping in a downward fashion from left to right in a negative slope (remember high school algebra)

Hit save... in the curves window and Save this Curve!!!!!  Name it something like, Custom_gumneg so that you can easily find it later.

 

>> Next, you will need to make "Safety Catches" at the very ends of my scale. What are safety catches you ask?

I like to still make the end values print 100% black and 0% white. This simply assures that the whites of the image stay white, and the blacks stay black, when you expose at different times.

To do this, click the little pencil tool near the bottom of the curves window where my green arrow is pointing. This allows you to draw your curve rather then enter values.

Next, click as carefully as you can and draw a small dot at both:

  • Input 99% output 0%
  • Input 1% output 100%

>> Hit the Smooth button once. The Smooth button does what it says, it smoothes out any abrupt jumps in the scale and creates what I like to call the "Safety Catches" circled in green to the left.

Save your curve!

(It will now save as a Map Settings file .AMP) Name the file AverageGUMScale.amp or something of the sort.

 

Step Five: Apply the Curve

After all that, this step is EASY!

>> Open any file you wish to print in Photoshop, go to Image>Adjust>Curves and open your saved Curve. (remember it was saved as a .amp file so you need to select which file types to display).

Once it loads the curve hit OK. Your values will convert from the original photograph into negative values with a specific compressed low contrast perfect for printing your Gum Bichromates with.

>> Remember to flip your image horizontally before you print. I always forget to do that.

>> Print the negative onto the transparency film using the same printing settings that you used when printing the test scale at the beginning of this section. And that's it!

Congratulations!!! You made your custom Negative scale and Survived!!!!
Now you need to know how to use it effectively, explained in the next section

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